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YD-15KVA/150KV交流耐(nai)(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)儀、交流耐(nai)(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)機、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)置

本產品(pin)是我(wo)國*采用(yong)六氟化(hua)硫(SF6)氣體絕(jue)緣技(ji)術的(de)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)，它(ta)是油浸(jin)式(shi)輕型(xing)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)換代產品(pin)。該產品(pin)具有體積小(xiao)重(zhong)量輕它(ta)比油浸(jin)式(shi)輕型(xing)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輕30%-65%)無(wu)油污(wu)染(ran)，不受氣候變化(hua)影(ying)響，電(dian)暈極(ji)小(xiao)，現(xian)場搬運勿(wu)(wu)需(xu)靜止可做試(shi)驗，使用(yong)壽命長，勿(wu)(wu)需(xu)維修等(deng)優(you)點(dian)，可廣泛用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統及電(dian)力(li)(li)用(yong)戶(hu)現(xian)場檢測各(ge)種高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)器(qi)設備的(de)絕(jue)緣性能，單臺設備的(de)zui高(gao)(gao)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)級可達300KV。

YD-15KVA/150KV交流耐(nai)壓儀(yi)、交流耐(nai)壓機、耐(nai)壓裝置(zhi)

概(gai)述：

YD-15KVA/150KV交流耐壓儀、交流耐壓機、耐壓裝置是根據《試驗變壓器》標準，在油浸式試驗變壓器的基礎上而設計生產的。SF6氣體具有良好的電氣絕緣性能及優異的滅弧性能，其耐壓強度為同一壓力下氮氣的2.5倍，擊穿電壓的空氣的2.5倍。在0.25MPa下與油的擊穿電壓相等，在0.45MPa壓力下是油的擊穿電壓的2倍，是一種油的新一代超高壓絕緣介質材料。該產品技術要求*符合《ZBK-41006-89》標準，它是油浸式輕型試驗變壓器的換代產品。該產品具有體積小、重量輕、不受氣候變化影響、電暈小、現場搬運無需靜止可使用，使用壽命長、免維修等特點。適用于電力系統、工礦企業、科研部門等對各種高壓電氣設備、電氣元件、絕緣材料進行工頻或直流高壓下的絕緣強度試驗。

YD-15KVA/150KV交流(liu)耐壓儀、交流(liu)耐壓機、耐壓裝(zhuang)置

產品結(jie)構：

YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓(ya)試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器采用單框芯(xin)式鐵芯(xin)結構，初級(ji)繞(rao)組繞(rao)在鐵芯(xin)上，高(gao)壓(ya)繞(rao)組在外，這種(zhong)同軸布置減少了(le)漏(lou)磁(ci)通(tong)，因而增大了(le)繞(rao)組間的耦合。產品(pin)的外殼為圓柱灌式容(rong)器結構，能耐受0.8MPa以上壓(ya)力(li)。其結構見圖1：

三、YDQSF6氣體高壓變壓器

工作原理：

YDQ系列高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器為(wei)單相變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器，聯結組標號Ⅰ.Ⅰ. 用工頻220V(10kVA以上(shang)為(wei)380V)電源接入 (為(wei)本(ben)公司生產(chan)的(de)試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器配套設備，詳細(xi)資料請(qing)見其具體使用說明書)系列操作箱(臺(tai))，經操作箱內自偶調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(50kVA以上(shang)調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器外附)調節至(zhi)0～200V(或0～400V)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)至(zhi)YDQ試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)初級(ji)繞組，根據電磁感應(ying)原理，在試驗(yan)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繞組可(ke)獲得試驗(yan)所需的(de)高(gao)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

單臺YDQ系(xi)列高(gao)壓試驗變壓器(qi)的工(gong)作原理圖見(jian)圖2。

YD-15KVA/150KV交流耐壓儀、交流耐壓機、耐壓裝置

單臺YDQ系(xi)列交直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)壓試驗(yan)變壓器的工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)3，圖(tu)(tu)中高(gao)壓套管(guan)中裝有高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)，串接在高(gao)壓回路中作(zuo)半波整流(liu)，以(yi)獲(huo)得(de)直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)電壓。當用一短(duan)路桿將高(gao)壓硅堆(dui)短(duan)接時，可獲(huo)得(de)工(gong)頻高(gao)電壓，作(zuo)為交流(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態；取(qu)消短(duan)路桿時，作(zuo)為直(zhi)流(liu)輸出狀(zhuang)態。

試驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)套(tao)管中的高壓(ya)(ya)硅堆未(wei)畫出，其原理與上圖相(xiang)同。

三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)串級(ji)(ji)獲得更高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)接線原理見圖(tu)4。串級(ji)(ji)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)優越性(xing)，因為(wei)整個試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)由(you)幾臺(tai)(tai)(tai)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)成，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)容(rong)量(liang)小(xiao)、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低、重量(liang)輕，便于運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)安裝。它既(ji)然可串接成高(gao)出(chu)(chu)幾倍的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)合使用(yong)，又可分開成幾套(tao)單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)單(dan)(dan)獨使用(yong)。整套(tao)裝置(zhi)投資小(xiao)，經濟(ji)實惠。圖(tu)5中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)*級(ji)(ji)和(he)第(di)二級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)每個單(dan)(dan)元試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)中(zhong)都有一個勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1和(he)A2、C2。在(zai)(zai)(zai)三(san)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)串級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)基本原理中(zhong)，低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)源加在(zai)(zai)(zai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)a1x1上(shang)，單(dan)(dan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)都是V。勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A1、C1給第(di)二級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)；第(di)二級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)A2、C2給第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)初級(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。第(di)二級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅱ和(he)第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅲ的(de)(de)(de)箱體分別處(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)對(dui)地(di)為(wei)1V和(he)2V的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)上(shang)，所以箱體對(dui)地(di)是絕緣的(de)(de)(de)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)箱體是接地(di)的(de)(de)(de)。這樣*級(ji)(ji)、第(di)二級(ji)(ji)、第(di)三(san)級(ji)(ji)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)對(dui)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)額定輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分別為(wei)1V、2V、3V；其(qi)額定容(rong)量(liang)分別為(wei)3P、2P、1P。

YDQ系列(lie)高壓試驗(yan)變壓器做被(bei)試品的工頻耐壓試驗(yan)使(shi)用接線原理圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5。

圖中：R1—限流電阻(zu)     FRC—阻(zu)容分壓器    

RF—球間(jian)隙保(bao)護電阻(zu)     G—球間(jian)隙     CX—被(bei)試品

注：高壓尾(wei)必(bi)須可靠接(jie)地

工頻耐壓試驗(yan)中限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)R1應根據試驗(yan)變壓器的額定容量(liang)(liang)來選擇(ze)。如(ru)高(gao)(gao)壓側額定輸(shu)出電(dian)流在(zai)100～300mA時(shi)，可(ke)取0.5～1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓)；高(gao)(gao)壓側額定輸(shu)出電(dian)流為(wei)1A以(yi)上時(shi)，可(ke)取1Ω/V(試驗(yan)電(dian)壓)。常用水電(dian)阻(zu)作(zuo)為(wei)限(xian)流電(dian)阻(zu)，管子長度(du)可(ke)按150kV/m考慮，管子粗細應具有足(zu)夠的熱容量(liang)(liang)(水阻(zu)液(ye)配制方(fang)法(fa)：用蒸(zheng)餾水加入(ru)適量(liang)(liang)硫酸銅配制成(cheng)各種(zhong)不同的阻(zu)值)。

球間(jian)隙及保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻：當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)超過球間(jian)隙整定值(zhi)時(shi)(一般取試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的110%~120%)，球間(jian)隙放電(dian)(dian)，對被試品起(qi)到保護(hu)(hu)作用。球間(jian)隙保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)阻可按1Ω/V(試驗電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya))選(xuan)取。

在(zai)(zai)工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)中，低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(儀表電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya))不(bu)是非常準確的(de)(de)，其原(yuan)因是由(you)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)漏(lou)抗(kang)，在(zai)(zai)這個漏(lou)抗(kang)上(shang)必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)或容升，使試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)或高(gao)于(yu)(yu)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表上(shang)反映出來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。工(gong)頻耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)(shi)，被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是所(suo)謂容升現象。感應(ying)耐壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)(shi)，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)漏(lou)抗(kang)必(bi)然存在(zai)(zai)著(zhu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)(jiang)。為了(le)準確測(ce)量被試(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)上(shang)所(suo)施加(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，因此(ci)常在(zai)(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)接入FRC阻容分壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)來(lai)(lai)測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(見圖(tu)5)。

工頻耐壓試驗(yan)操作

注意(yi)事(shi)項：

1）試驗人員應做(zuo)好(hao)分(fen)工，明(ming)確相互間方法(fa)。并有專門人監護現場安(an)全(quan)及觀(guan)察試品狀態。

2）被試(shi)品應先(xian)清(qing)掃干(gan)凈(jing)，并干(gan)燥，以免損壞被試(shi)品和試(shi)驗帶來(lai)的誤差。

3）對(dui)于(yu)大型試驗(yan)，一般都應先進行空(kong)升(sheng)(sheng)試驗(yan)。即(ji)不接試品時升(sheng)(sheng)壓至試驗(yan)電壓，校(xiao)對(dui)各種(zhong)表計(ji)，調整球間隙。

4）升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)速(su)度(du)不(bu)能(neng)太(tai)快(kuai)，并(bing)必須防(fang)止突(tu)然加壓(ya)(ya)。例如調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)不(bu)在零(ling)位時突(tu)然合閘(zha)。也不(bu)能(neng)突(tu)然切斷(duan)電源，一般應在調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)降至零(ling)位時拉閘(zha)。

5）當(dang)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)升至試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時(shi)，開(kai)始計時(shi)，到(dao)1min后，迅(xun)速(su)降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)到(dao)1/3試(shi)驗(yan)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)以下時(shi)，才能拉開(kai)電源。

6）在升壓(ya)(ya)或耐壓(ya)(ya)試驗過程(cheng)中，如發(fa)現下(xia)列不正(zheng)常情況(kuang)時，應立即降壓(ya)(ya)，切斷電源。停止試驗并查明原因：

①電壓表指針擺動很大；

②發現絕緣燒焦或冒煙；

③被試(shi)品內有不(bu)正常的(de)聲音(yin)。

7）耐壓(ya)試驗(yan)前后應測量絕緣電(dian)阻，檢查絕緣情況。

試(shi)驗變壓(ya)器在做被試(shi)品的直流耐壓(ya)或泄露試(shi)驗時接線原(yuan)理圖如圖6。

注：此試驗應先(xian)抽出短路(lu)桿“D”，圖6中所示。

圖中：VD—高壓硅堆     R1—限流電阻(zu)    C1—高壓濾(lv)波電容    

   FRC—阻容(rong)分(fen)壓(ya)器     CX—被試(shi)品     μA—帶保護微(wei)安表

泄露試驗中(zhong)(zhong)限流(liu)(liu)電阻R1選擇在額(e)定(ding)輸(shu)出電壓時，輸(shu)出端短(duan)路電流(liu)(liu)不超過高(gao)壓硅堆的zui大整流(liu)(liu)。如電壓硅堆的zui大整流(liu)(liu)電流(liu)(liu)為100mA時用于60kV的試驗裝置中(zhong)(zhong)，限流(liu)(liu)電阻按R1=60/0.1=600kΩ選擇。限流(liu)(liu)電阻還應具有足夠的容量和沿(yan)面放(fang)電距離(li)。

高壓濾波電容C1一般選擇在0.01~0.1μF，當被(bei)試品(pin)的電容量(liang)很大時，C1可(ke)省略不用。

泄露(lu)試驗的操作及(ji)注意事項：

1）試(shi)驗前應先檢查(cha)被試(shi)品(pin)是(shi)否停(ting)電，接地放電，一(yi)切(qie)對(dui)外連線是(shi)否擦干凈。要嚴(yan)防將試(shi)驗電壓加到(dao)有人工(gong)作的部位(wei)上去。

2）接(jie)好試(shi)驗(yan)裝置(zhi)的(de)接(jie)線后，應(ying)復查無誤后才(cai)可加壓(ya)。應(ying)特別注(zhu)意檢查高壓(ya)設備及引(yin)線與(yu)地(di)、與(yu)操作人(ren)員的(de)安全(quan)距離，被試(shi)品的(de)外殼是否可靠接(jie)地(di)，要按安全(quan)規程中所規定的(de)內容進(jin)行試(shi)驗(yan)。

3）對于大電容量設備應緩慢升(sheng)壓(ya)，防止被(bei)試品的充電電流燒壞(huai)微(wei)安表。必(bi)要時應分級加壓(ya)，分別讀取(qu)各(ge)級電壓(ya)下微(wei)安表的穩(wen)定讀數。

4）試(shi)(shi)驗過程中，應密切(qie)監(jian)視被試(shi)(shi)品、試(shi)(shi)驗裝置、微安(an)表，一(yi)旦發生擊穿、閃爍等異(yi)常現象應立(li)即降壓，切(qie)斷(duan)電源，并查明(ming)原因，詳細記(ji)錄。

5）試驗(yan)完畢(bi)，降(jiang)壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源后應將被試品及試驗(yan)裝(zhuang)置本(ben)身充分放電。

四、YDQSF6氣體高壓變壓器

注(zhu)意事(shi)項(xiang)：

1、按照您所進行的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗接好工(gong)作(zuo)線路。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外殼以(yi)(yi)及操作(zuo)系統的(de)(de)外殼必(bi)須可靠(kao)接地。試(shi)(shi)驗變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)高壓(ya)(ya)繞組的(de)(de)X端(高壓(ya)(ya)尾)以(yi)(yi)及測量繞組的(de)(de)F端必(bi)須可靠(kao)接地。

2、做串級試驗(yan)時，第(di)二(er)級、第(di)三級試驗(yan)變壓器的(de)低壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)，測量繞組的(de)F端(duan)以及高(gao)壓繞組的(de)X端(duan)(高(gao)壓尾)均接本級試驗(yan)變壓器的(de)外(wai)殼。第(di)二(er)級、第(di)三級試驗(yan)變壓器的(de)外(wai)殼必須通過絕緣支架接地。

3、接(jie)(jie)通(tong)電源前，操(cao)作系統的(de)調壓器必須(xu)調到零位后方(fang)可(ke)接(jie)(jie)通(tong)電源，合閘，開始升壓。

4、從(cong)零(ling)(ling)開始均勻旋轉調壓(ya)器手輪升(sheng)壓(ya)。升(sheng)壓(ya)方法(fa)有：快速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即20s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)，即60s逐級升(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)；極慢速(su)升(sheng)壓(ya)法(fa)供選(xuan)用。電壓(ya)從(cong)零(ling)(ling)開始按一定(ding)的升(sheng)壓(ya)方式和速(su)度上(shang)升(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)需的額(e)定(ding)試驗(yan)電壓(ya)的75%后(hou)，在以每秒2%額(e)定(ding)試驗(yan)電壓(ya)的速(su)度升(sheng)到您(nin)所(suo)需的額(e)定(ding)電壓(ya)，并(bing)密切(qie)注意(yi)測(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)的指示(shi)以及(ji)被(bei)試品的情(qing)況。升(sheng)壓(ya)過程(cheng)中或試驗(yan)過程(cheng)中如發現測(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)的指示(shi)及(ji)被(bei)試品情(qing)況異常，應立即降(jiang)壓(ya)，切(qie)斷電源，查明情(qing)況。

5、試驗完(wan)畢后(hou)，應(ying)在數(shu)秒內勻(yun)速的將(jiang)調壓(ya)器返回至零位，然后(hou)切斷(duan)電源(yuan)。

6、本(ben)產品(pin)不得超(chao)過額定參數使用。除試驗必須外，決不允許全電壓(ya)通電或斷電。

7、 再升壓或(huo)耐壓試(shi)驗過程中(zhong)，如發現以下不正常情(qing)況時，應立即降壓，切斷電源，停止試(shi)驗并(bing)查明原因(yin)。

⑴電壓表(biao)指針擺動(或數字(zi)跳動)很大(da)

⑵電流表(biao)直線上升

被試品內(nei)有不(bu)正(zheng)常的聲音

8、圖1中第9項(xiang)系壓(ya)(ya)力(li)閥及壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表，為(wei)長(chang)期關閉(bi)狀態。每6個(ge)月(yue)開(kai)閥一次(ci)，以(yi)檢查SF6壓(ya)(ya)力(li)，應(ying)不(bu)小于0.2MPa(檢查壓(ya)(ya)力(li)后立即(ji)關閉(bi)閥門(men))，低于0.2MPa時應(ying)加SF6氣(qi)體，以(yi)增(zeng)加氣(qi)絕緣。

9、耐(nai)壓(ya)實驗前后(hou)應測量被試設(she)備的絕緣(yuan)電阻，檢查(cha)絕緣(yuan)情況。

10、 當試(shi)驗變壓器長期不使用時(shi)，應放置于通風、干燥(zao)、無(wu)陽光直射的地方(fang)。

11、 該產品不允許在高于(yu)45℃的溫度(du)下(xia)長期存(cun)放、使(shi)用、放氣。

12、 運輸(shu)搬(ban)運途中不得重力沖擊(ji)。

13、 產品緊(jin)固件及壓力(li)(li)閥、壓力(li)(li)表不得擅自(zi)松動(dong)。

14、使用(yong)本產(chan)品做高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)時，出熟悉本說明書外，還必須嚴格執行國家有關標準和(he)操作(zuo)規(gui)程(cheng)。可參照GB311-83《高(gao)壓(ya)輸變設備的絕(jue)緣配合(he)，高(gao)壓(ya)試驗(yan)(yan)技術》；《電氣(qi)設備預防性試驗(yan)(yan)規(gui)程(cheng)》等(deng)。

五、YDQSF6氣體高壓變壓器

試驗變壓器的容量選擇：

標稱(cheng)試驗變壓(ya)器容量(liang)Pn的確定(ding)公式：Pn=kVn 2ωCt×10-9

式(shi)中：

Pn——標(biao)稱試驗變壓(ya)器容量(kVA)

Vn——試驗變壓器的額定(ding)輸出高壓的有效值(kV)

k ——安全系數。k≥1，標(biao)稱電(dian)壓Vn≥1MV時，k=2；標(biao)稱電(dian)壓較低時，k值(zhi)可取(qu)高(gao)一些。

Ct——被試(shi)品的電容量(liang)(pF)

ω——角頻率，ω=2πf， f——試驗電源的頻率

被試設(she)備的電(dian)容量Ct可由交流(liu)電(dian)橋測出。Ct的變化很(hen)大，

可由設備的類型而定。

典(dian)型(xing)數(shu)據(ju)如下：

簡(jian)單的棒式或懸式絕緣子             幾十微法

簡單的(de)分級套管(guan)                     100～1000pF

電壓(ya)互感器                         200 ～ 500pF

電力變壓器  &nbsp;    < 1000kVA         ～1000pF

                 > 1000kVA        1000～10000pF

高壓電(dian)力電(dian)纜和油(you)浸紙絕緣           250～300pF/m

氣體絕緣  &nbsp;       &nbsp;                ～60pF/m

封閉變電站(zhan)，SF6氣體絕緣    ;  ;      100～10000Pf;

對于不同(tong)的試驗電壓Vn，選(xuan)擇不同(tong)的(適當的)安(an)全系數(shu)k。

以(yi)下(xia)列出(chu)不同(tong)的Vn所選用的k值供(gong)參考。

Vn =50~100kV&nbsp;       k = 4

Vn =150~300kV       k = 3

Vn > 300kV    ;      k = 2